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Neapolitan sums
The Neapolitan sums ((ポーランド語:Sumy neapolitańskie)) refers to a loan made in 1557 by Bona Sforza, dowager Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania, to Philip II of Spain. The debt was never repaid and continued to be disputed between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Kingdom of Spain up until the Third Partition in 1795. The phrase ''sumy neapolitańskie'' became synonymous in the Polish language with empty promises to repay debt.〔Smuniewska〕
==Loan and last will==
In February 1556, Bona Sforza departed Poland to her native Italy with treasures she had accumulated in her 38 years in Poland–Lithuania. In May, she arrived in Bari that she inherited from her mother Isabella of Naples. There she was visited by envoys of Philip II of Spain who tried to convince her to give up the Duchy of Bari and Rossano in favor of the Habsburg Spain.〔Duczmal (2012), p. 120〕 She refused, but Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba, who at the time was the Viceroy of Naples, feared a French attack and was raising money for troops (see Italian War of 1551–59). Bona, perhaps having ambitions of becoming a Viceroy of Naples herself, agreed to lend him a huge sum of 430,000 ducats at 10% annual interest.〔 The loan was guaranteed by custom duties collected in Foggia.〔Duczmal (2012), p. 532〕 The agreements were signed on 23 September and 5 December 1556.〔Cynarski (2007), p. 169〕
In 1557, Bona prepared for a journey towards Venice and from there, perhaps, back to Poland; the Habsburgs were determined to obtain Bari and Rossano.〔Duczmal (2012), pp. 120–121〕 On 8 November 1557, Bona became ill with stomach ache. On 17 November, when she was losing her consciousness, her trusted courtier Gian Lorenzo Pappacoda brought notary Marco Vincenzo de Baldis who wrote her last will.〔Cynarski (2007), p. 170〕 This will left Bari, Rossano, Ostuni, and Grottaglie to Philip II of Spain and large sums to Pappacoda and his family. Her daughters would receive a one-time payment of 50,000 ducats, except Isabella Jagiellon who was to receive 10,000 ducats annually.〔 Her only son, King Sigismund II Augustus, was named as the main beneficiary but at the end he would inherit only cash, jewelry, and other personal property. The next day, Bona felt better and dictated a new last will to Scipio Catapani leaving Bari and other property to Sigismund Augustus.〔Duczmal (2012), p. 121〕 She died in the early morning of 19 November 1557. Several of her servants (cook, page, majordomo, scribe) died as well.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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